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构造.NET环境下的网页下载器 (2)

  • 三.网页下载器实例介绍:

      最后,我就综合以上.NET网络编程的一些知识,向大家展示一个很好的实例。该实例是一个运用Socket的基于同步模式的客户端应用程序,它首先通过解析服务器的IP地址建立一个终结点,同时创建一个基于流套接字的Socket连接,其运用的协议是TCP协议。通过该Socket就可以发送获取网页的命令,再通过该Socket获得服务器上默认的网页,最后通过文件流将获得的数据写入本机文件。这样就完成了网页的下载工作了

    程序的代码如下:

    using System;
    using System.Drawing;
    using System.Collections;
    using System.ComponentModel;
    using System.Windows.Forms;
    using System.Data;
    using System.Net;
    using System.Net.Sockets;
    using System.Text;
    using System.IO;

    namespace SocketSample
    {
    /// <summary>
    /// Form1 的摘要说明。
    /// </summary>

    public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
    {
    private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
    private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
    private System.Windows.Forms.Button Download;
    private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox ServerAddress;
    private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox Filename;
    /// <summary>
    /// 必需的设计器变量。
    /// </summary>
    private System.ComponentModel.Container
    components = null;
    public Form1()
    {
    //
    // Windows 窗体设计器支持所必需的
    //
    InitializeComponent();

    //
    // TODO: 在 InitializeComponent
    // 调用后添加任何构造函数代码
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
    /// </summary>
    protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
    {
    if( disposing )
    {
    if (components != null)
    {
    components.Dispose();
    }
    }
    base.Dispose( disposing );
    }

    #region Windows Form Designer generated code
    /// <summary>
    /// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要使用代码编辑器修改
    /// 此方法的内容。
    /// </summary>
    private void InitializeComponent()
    {
    this.label1 = new System.Windows.
    Forms.Label();
    this.label2 = new System.Windows.
    Forms.Label();
    this.Download = new System.Windows.
    Forms.Button();
    this.ServerAddress = new System.Windows.
    Forms.TextBox();
    this.Filename = new System.Windows.
    Forms.TextBox();
    this.SuspendLayout();
    //
    // label1
    //
    this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.
    Point(16, 24);
    this.label1.Name = "label1";
    this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.
    Size(80, 23);
    this.label1.TabIndex = 0;
    this.label1.Text = "服务器地址:";
    this.label1.TextAlign = System.Drawing.
    ContentAlignment.MiddleRight;
    //
    // label2
    //
    this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.
    Point(16, 64);
    this.label2.Name = "label2";
    this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.
    Size(80, 23);
    this.label2.TabIndex = 1;
    this.label2.Text = "本地文件名:";
    this.label2.TextAlign = System.Drawing.
    ContentAlignment.MiddleRight;
    //
    // Download
    //
    this.Download.Location = new System.
    Drawing.Point(288, 24);
    this.Download.Name = "Download";
    this.Download.TabIndex = 2;
    this.Download.Text = "开始下载";
    this.Download.Click += new System.
    EventHandler(this.Download_Click);
    //
    // ServerAddress
    //
    this.ServerAddress.Location = new System.
    Drawing.Point(96, 24);
    this.ServerAddress.Name = "ServerAddress";
    this.ServerAddress.Size = new System.
    Drawing.Size(176, 21);
    this.ServerAddress.TabIndex = 3;
    this.ServerAddress.Text = "";
    //
    // Filename
    //
    this.Filename.Location = new System.
    Drawing.Point(96, 64);
    this.Filename.Name = "Filename";
    this.Filename.Size = new System.
    Drawing.Size(176, 21);
    this.Filename.TabIndex = 4;
    this.Filename.Text = "";
    //
    // Form1
    //
    this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.
    Drawing.Size(6, 14);
    this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.
    Size(376, 117);
    this.Controls.AddRange(new System.Windows.
    Forms.Control[] {
    this.Filename,
    this.ServerAddress,
    this.Download,
    this.label2,
    this.label1});
    this.Name = "Form1";
    this.Text = "网页下载器";
    this.ResumeLayout(false);
    }
    #endregion

    /// <summary>
    /// 应用程序的主入口点。
    /// </summary>
    [STAThread]
    static void Main()
    {
    Application.Run(new Form1());
    }

    private string DoSocketGet(string server)
    {
    //定义一些必要的变量以及一条要发送到服务器的字符串
    Encoding ASCII = Encoding.ASCII;
    string Get = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: "
    +server+"\r\nConnection: Close\r\n\r\n";
    Byte[] ByteGet = ASCII.GetBytes(Get);
    Byte[] RecvBytes = new Byte[256];
    String strRetPage = null;

    //获取服务器相关的IP地址列表,其中第一项即为我们所需的
    IPAddress hostadd = Dns.Resolve(server).
    AddressList[0];

    //根据获得的服务器的IP地址创建一个终结点,端口为默认的80
    IPEndPoint EPhost = new IPEndPoint
    (hostadd, 80);

    //创建一个Socket实例
    Socket s = new Socket(AddressFamily.
    InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream,
    ProtocolType.Tcp );
    try
    {
    //用上面所取得的终结点连接到服务器
    s.Connect(EPhost);
    }
    catch(Exception se)
    {
    MessageBox.Show("连接错误:"+se.
    Message,"提示信息",MessageBoxButtons.
    RetryCancel,MessageBoxIcon.Information);
    }

    if (!s.Connected)
    {
    strRetPage = "不能连接到服务器!";
    return strRetPage;
    }

    try
    {
    //向服务器发送GET命令
    s.Send(ByteGet, ByteGet.Length,
    SocketFlags.None);
    }
    catch(Exception ce)
    {
    MessageBox.Show("发送错误:"+ce.
    Message,"提示信息",MessageBoxButtons.
    RetryCancel,MessageBoxIcon.Information);
    }

    //接收页面数据,直到所有字节接收完毕
    Int32 bytes = s.Receive(RecvBytes,
    RecvBytes.Length, 0);
    strRetPage = "以下是在服务器" + server +
    "上的默认网页:\r\n";
    strRetPage = strRetPage + ASCII.GetString
    (RecvBytes, 0, bytes);

    while (bytes > 0)
    {
    bytes = s.Receive(RecvBytes,
    RecvBytes.Length, SocketFlags.None);
    strRetPage = strRetPage + ASCII.
    GetString(RecvBytes, 0, bytes);
    }

    //禁用并关闭Socket实例
    s.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
    s.Close();
    return strRetPage;
    }

    private void Download_Click(object sender, System.
    EventArgs e)
    {
    //将所读取的字符串转换为字节数组
    byte[] content=Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes
    (DoSocketGet(ServerAddress.Text));
    try
    {
    //创建文件流对象实例
    FileStream fs=new FileStream
    (Filename.Text,FileMode.OpenOrCreate,FileAccess.
    ReadWrite);
    //写入文件
    fs.Write(content,0,content.Length);
    }
    catch(Exception fe)
    {
    MessageBox.Show("文件创建/写入错误:
    "+fe.Message,"提示信息",MessageBoxButtons.
    RetryCancel,MessageBoxIcon.Information);
    }
    }
    }
    }



    其中主要的函数为DoSocketGet(),首先程序在响应"开始下载"的事件处理函数Download_Click(),调用DoSocketGet()函数,该函数完成了套接字的创建、连接、与主机的通讯-即获得主机上的网页、禁用、关闭等功能。在调用完DoSocketGet()函数后,Download_Click()函数创建一个FileStream对象,并试图将DoSocketGet()函数返回的网页文件以字节数组的形式写到本机文件中,最终形成在本机上的一个Html文件,这样就完成了一个网页文件的下载工作了。

      不过这个程序的功能比较简单,不能作为真正的网页浏览器用,网页文件下载后还是要用IE等浏览器才能打开。然而作为一个解释.NET底层网络编程的实例绝对是一个好例子,所以希望读者能好好研究,同时读者还可以添加文件下载进度条等以完善本程序。

      注:以上程序在Windows 2000服务器版、Visual Studio.Net中文正式版下调试通过。